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What does a city do when the primary economic driver disappears? Social unrest and economic often are symptoms, rather than causes of urban failure. Since 1950, the rankings of US Cities, except #1 NYC, have fundamentally reordered even as the population doubled from 150 to 330 million people (and as many as 20 million non-citizens-legal… Continue reading NYC: Rust Belt Extended?

“The conscious and intelligent manipulation of the organized habits and opinions of the masses is an important element in democratic society. Those who manipulate this unseen mechanism of society constitute an invisible government which is the true ruling power of our country. …We are governed, our minds are molded, our tastes formed, our ideas suggested,… Continue reading Propaganda 1928

Zoning Laws: Power and Goals for Government to (try to) manage and balance impacts of construction and Architecture on the health, financial and aesthetic factors of the city. Zoning puts restrictions on an individual landowner’s use of a property by regulating use, bulk, and valuations. Infrastructure assets like roads, sewer, water, electricity and telecom are… Continue reading Public and Private Properties

Certificates of Occupancy and equivalents are key starting points in RE and Development. Owners, Architects, and Brokers call me all the time with the same question: What is the legal Use of a building? This seems like a simple question but it can make or break the investment and design timeline for a property. In… Continue reading C of O Research